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 =====TOPS-20 Operating System===== =====TOPS-20 Operating System=====
 +
 +TOPS-20 command parser is called EXEC. EXEC features built in help, command recognition and completion.  If you are new to TOPS-20, try the //tops20// command when you LOGIN for an interactive tutorial.
 +
 +
 +^ **Command** ^ **Description** ^
 +| CTRL-C     | Interrupts or quits a job (see reenter) |
 +| CTRL-F     | Try this to show command completion |
 +| CTRL-T     | Prints job status                       |
 +| <ESCAPE>   | Try this to show completion and //guide words// |
 +| CONTINUE   | Continues a suspended or quit job       |
 +| DIR        | DIRECTORY listing (see vdir)            |
 +| EMACS      | The EMACS editor - Try '//TEACH-EMACS//' |
 +| FINGER     | Display who is logged in or details on a specific user |
 +| HELP       | The HELP system - Try '//HELP GAMES//'  |
 +| INFO       | INFORMATION about various subsystems    |
 +| KJOB       | KILL JOB - With out args will log you out |
 +| LOGIN      | Login to a user account                 | 
 +| LOGOUT     | Logout from the system, see KJOB        |
 +| REENTER    | re-enters a suspended or quit job       |
 +| SYSTAT     | System Status - Shows running jobs      |
 +| VDIR       | Verbose Directory listing               |
 +
 +The directory structure is hierarchical and some notable directories also include logical names.  To see a complete list of defined LOGICAL-NAMES type //INFORMATION LOGICAL-NAMES ALL// or //inf log a// 
 +
 +^ **Directory Name** ^ **Logical Name** ^ **Description** ^
 +| <DOCUMENTATION> | DOC: | Various Documentation |
 +| <HELP> | HLP: | The HELP system |
 +| <SUBSYS> | SYS: | Subsystem utilities and user programs |
 +| <SYSTEM> | SYSTEM: | The SYSTEM directory - The Monitor and system configuration live here |
 +| <UNSUPPORTED> | UNS: | 3rd party programs such as games |
 +
 +**PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES USING "COMPILE", "LOAD" and "SAVE" COMMANDS**
 +
 +TOPS-20 supports many programming languages using a standard COMPILE/LOAD/SAVE model.  TOPS-20 is very helpful using command recognition and DWIM (Do What I Mean) without having to completely type out everything.  Here are few simple examples to get started:
 +
 +**FORTRAN-77**
 +
 +//NOTE: This formatting is punched card style - The first 5 and 6th columns are special//
 +
 +      @copy TTY: test.for                             ;A simple way to enter in TEXT from the terminal
 +       TTY: => TEST.FOR.1
 +      
 +               PROGRAM TEST                           ;Declare the name of the program
 +      
 +               WRITE (5, 10)                          ;OUTPUT to the terminal (UNIT 5) at line 10
 +      10       FORMAT(' TESTING 1 2 3!')              ;FORMAT the text for OUTPUT
 +      
 +               END                                    ;END the program
 +      ^Z                                              ;CTRL-Z closes the file
 +      @type test.for                                  ;TYPE the test.for file and verify
 +               PROGRAM TEST
 +      
 +               WRITE (5, 10)
 +      10       FORMAT(' TESTING 1 2 3!')
 +            
 +               END
 +      @compile test                                   ;COMPILE the file TEST
 +      FORTRAN: TEST                                   ;COMPILE determined TEST is a FORTRAN program
 +      TEST                                        ;TEST is now written out as a .REL file
 +      @load test                                      ;LOAD the file (or EXECUTE TEST to LOAD and RUN)
 +      LINK: Loading
 +      @save test                                      ;SAVE the loaded program to a .EXE file
 +       TEST.EXE.1 Saved
 +      @v test.*
 +            
 +         LS:<SMJ.FORTRAN>
 +       TEST.EXE.1;P775200         6 3072(36)    6-May-2020 15:42:13 SMJ       
 +         .FOR.1;P775200           1 71(7)       6-May-2020 15:41:09 SMJ       
 +         .REL.1;P775200           1 93(36)      6-May-2020 15:41:46 SMJ       
 +            
 +       Total of 8 pages in 3 files
 +       
 +       @<smj.fortran>test                             ;Run the .EXE file
 +       TESTING 1 2 3!
 +       CPU time 0.09   Elapsed time 0.19
 +
 +For an excellent summary to get started with FORTRAN on TOPS-20, check out
 +[[http://wiki.twenex.org/doku.php?id=tutorials:fortran]]
 +
 +**MACRO-20**
 +
 +MACRO is the assembler on TOPS-20.  Here is a simple example of a Hello World in MACRO
 +
 +       @COPY TTY:hello.mac                             ;A simple way to enter text into a file
 +       title hello                                      
 +       
 +       entry output
 +       search uuosym
 +       
 +       hello: asciz /Hello there.
 +       
 +       /
 +       output: outstr hello
 +        monrt.
 +        end output
 +       ^Z
 +       
 +       @type hello.mac
 +       title hello
 +       
 +       entry output
 +       search uuosym
 +       
 +       hello: asciz /Hello there.
 +       
 +       /
 +       output: outstr hello
 +        monrt.
 +        end output
 +       @compile hello
 +       MACRO: hello
 +       
 +       EXIT
 +       @load hello
 +       LINK: Loading
 +       @save hello
 +        HELLO.EXE.1 Saved
 +       @<smj>hello
 +       Hello there.
 +
 +
 +Scans of original user and reference manuals can be found at:
 +
 +https://www.livingcomputers.org/Computer-Collection/Online-Systems/User-Documentation.aspx
 +
 +
 + 
tops-20.txt · Last modified: 2020/07/13 10:36 by setala

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